Saturday, August 3, 2013

Understanding By Design and Science 8

Below is the text from my Science 8 implementation of the Understanding By Design concept. I am not sure that I did it in the way that I would be taught to do by the UBD guys, but it did make a difference, especially when it came to assessment, something that I will post next time. For now, if any teachers are thinking about implementing UBD into their classes, here is what happened to me!
 
Hint for reading: start reading at the bottom (the topmost post is the last post).
 

Past half way and...


1) The test for unit one was not at the 70% level overall, so it didn't do what I thought it would. However, mark-wise for the term, many students have brought their mark up overall, especially those who have struggled in the past in courses. Yes, some are incomplete, but they are incomplete in other classes as well, so I think there are other issues there. Those who do well in other classes have still done well here, but doing more project based assessment seems to have brought up the ones who hover at around the 50% mark up a bit, thus closing the gap a bit.
2) I do find that the vocabulary for this course (as portrayed in the book and on tests) is difficult, however. In fact, many of the questions from the textbook question bank are vocab based and not knowledge based. If I take those types of questions out of tests, the students seem to do better (and they still know the concepts!).
3) I am doing a bit of a mix of UDB and other stuff now - so I have a project at the end of each unit that is a summative evaluation, along with a paper or verbal test of some kind. I wonder if this is true UDB? I think it is, and I admit the students have enjoyed the projects and I think have learned a lot from doing them. I wonder, however, if UDB is really just project-based learning when it actually is implemented into the classroom?
Anyway, if I do teach this course again, I will definitely continue using this concept - it is working for this class and for me as a teacher.​

February 20

2.5 Weeks in and...

All is good! I am planning to do a bit of a summative evaluation in the next few weeks outside of the animal building project; however, I will do it without giving the students a chance to study (WHAT!!!!); yup, a pop test Unit Exam! I am curious to know how much they have learned simply from doing the projects and assignments themselves. I will feel very good if the average mark is at around 70% - this will constitute a success in this.
Benefits of UDB: Well, to be honest, it has been a lot of fun and it has been very easy to come up with daily activities for the most part so far. I love that I look at the objectives only and create around them more than follow the textbook. This has given me freedom to do cool things that I think the students enjoy. The students have also been involved and I have not had a lot of classroom issues with the 8's - surprising, but true!
Problems: If anything, the biggest issue has been myself knowing the stuff and filling in the class time correctly. Also, since all lessons are new (never done them before), there have been two that I know of that could have worked better (planning was off a bit). For example, one day to come up with a skit and portray them was way too quick - should have planned skits on one day and done them the next. Also, I am not doing a lot of summative tests yet (early), but my plan is to not do too many anyway (not short quizzes etc.). However, I think I need more than one.
So far, it has been a lot of fun and I have felt very energized - I am scared and actually excited about teaching the class all at the same time! The stretch has been great for me and I think this makes a difference to the quality of the teaching.

February 06

Three days and how is it going you ask? Well...


I think this are going excellently! The best part of this whole thing has been telling the students the second day of class what their final project for the unit will be (how backwards!). This has done something for us as a class, however: it has focused everything we do on learning the stuff needed to complete the task (which is to create an animal). The funniest part to this whole thing is that everything they need to know is actually everything in the first unit of the textbook - but the students brainstormed the topics themselves. This has given them ownership of the course. I think this helps the students a lot.
Personally, I feel quite happy about the whole thing right now; though I am tired after a class. My teaching style seems to fit nicely with this approach - lots of discussion time and brainstorming, hands on work, coming at things differently, looking up the answers, etc. Yes, it is a little messier than it could be (it's not like we do page 10, and then questions on the next page, and then...), but the learning has been fun, inviting, and students seem to be into the course material.
Of course, the biggest problem is my own knowledge of the material: I am not a science teacher by trade so there are things I do not know. My strategy for this, however, fits with the UBD concept: I am not to be the wealth of information, but a supporter, a coach, standing beside them as they learn.
Here's a great example of this that happened today: the students were given a hands-on observational project where they had to observe what happened inside of two cups of warm sugary water: one had yeast in it and the other had sand. They had to write down what happened every 20 seconds. The observation worked great and the students understood the concept. However, I personally did not know enough about yeast to conclusively say if it was alive or not - my thought was that it didn't really reproduce. However, some quick Google search showed me that I was in fact wrong. So how do I turn such a thing around? Well, I tasked a student to look it up and give a quick blurb about it tomorrow in class, as well as getting a Biology 11 student to come in and explain it to us.

So, I was wrong. I know that we as teachers like to think that this is OK, because it shows us as not being perfect, but I would go beyond this: in today's day and age, we should not be perfect because we know everything - thus when we don't get something right it just proves we are not perfect. Instead, we should be co-workers with the student, guiding and leading them onto their own knowledge. This is the stance I will take with them tomorrow: we can all learn and we should all be lifelong learners. Also, there is always so much to learn! If I can get students to think this way, it will make this class even better - the students will begin to ask what they want to know and go find out; I will guide and direct them and (what a concept) learn as well!
 

January 25

Next Stage: A Look at Daily Activities

So, I have tried experiments, tested a few larger projects, and I have been studying and reading the textbook. I feel like I am ready enough with the big things to begin teaching. In the past years, this would be all the planning I do and I would then go at it with the textbook under my arm ready to tackle the day to day assignments, which would consist of:
1) reading of chapter, 2) note taking, 3) textbook questions, 4) quizzes, 5) larger tests, 6) some bigger group assignments, 7) larger reports of some kind.
However, as I look at the UBD concept further, I realize that I might not be doing the course any service at all, and that doing my assessment based on this classic model of marking students is quite narrow. For example, five out of the seven things I do are based around reading ​would have done revolve around the textbook itself (1,2,3,4,5), while 7 is simply a report of some kind (so research) that I would have them write. 6 would probably be a textbook assignment done in a group.
The UBD concept says this about assessment and tasks: assessment should varied, using authentic tasks and projects, academic exam questions, prompts, and problems, quizzes and tests, informal checks for understanding, and student self-assessment. However, the tasks need to be effective and engaging. I love the quote "The art of holding interest lies in raising questions and delaying answers".
OK, so I will take a look at my first two units and see if I have planned So, I started off well, but I want the students to create their own experiments right off the bat. this will teach them that procedures are important to science. This will put off the second unit a bit, but I think getting the students to build experiments right off the bat is important and will be done throughout the course, so I plan to start there. I think I should have some starters for them, however: perhaps some questions that they can start off with.
I have downloaded a booklet called "SmarteScience" (www.smarterscience.org) and it deals specifically with this concept of having students do their own eexperiments. I like the idea a lot and perhaps I will start the year off with it (why not - another new thing: go big or go home eh?).
I printed off a few things to look at. I love how they begin to get students to look at inferrences and observations and the difference between them. this might get students started on creating experiments.
 

January 22

Building a 3d Cell is a good one!

I like this assignment, and I have seen it done so many times. Its on page 35 of the textbook and they can build it in a box. Looks good and definitely teaches them the parts of the cell. It is not necessarily UBD, but it will work as another hands-on approach.
I realized as well that I have to also teach them how to work in groups, or collaboratively, so I have incorporated that into one of the early lessons. this will be something I have to review often in class.
OK, I am working through assignments for the first few weeks now. I think I am ready.
Oh, yeah, the exploding person thing is harder than it looks! It won't work with Alka-Seltzer and chip containers: the top is not sealed enough. I am going to try it with pill bottle (or film canister) and water and Alka-Seltzer this week and see if that blows nicely. Another option that Steve gave me (he is so helpful in this) is a balloon overtop of a water bottle filled with Vinegar and Baking soda. The gas will blow up the balloon and no water is thrown around the room.  I like that too - cleaner - but is it as much fun :)?​

January 21

Uh Oh, Waves are not easy to work with...

So, I have been trying to work on the "converting waves into energy" lab and it is not easy to do, mostly because the fish tank I have is too small: the waves bounce back and the propeller I created in the water will not move. So the classic spinning turbines will not work. Looking online, designs like Salter's Ducks are used in real life, but these are hard to create on a small scale.
If I did it from a running water source, it would be very easy (like a river dam concept), but that would not show any knowledge at all. OK, so this looks like it will be some kind of report. On pages 468 and 469 of the textbook are two things, either a research investigation or a project.  I think that this, along with the WIKI unit, should be good as the ending result for the water unit. I see many little experiments in the book, so supplementing these large projects with smaller experiments should work out well.
OK, time to clean up the classroom!​

January 18
Boat done-ish!
I hope I am alright with this, but I did the clay boat thing (did a little research on the best way to float a clay boat) and I did it -minus the straws, but oh well! So, the best layout is a flat bottomed boat and you have to make sure that the sides are straight up and not cracked at all so water does not go through it into the boat).

One thing I found out was that clay becomes very messy when it's wet, so I will have to make sure that I have lots of paper towel and rags to clean off with. Other than that, it works great! So, all I need for this is washers and straws and away I go!
Next one: let's stay on the water topic and see about getting energy from waves! First, I will need to figure out how to change movement into energy. to do that, I need magnets and copper wire (which I have a lot of). Let's try that first - i think Blake had some stuff to do that with, so I will check there...
(5 min. later...)
Yes, he had something that will work perfectly! It has two magnets on the end of a spinning axis. Using my multimeter, I can very quickly measure the electrical output form the spinning of the magnets. OK, now onto creating a turbine of some sort. the other thing to think about is whether or not I should use a step-up transformer to up the electrical output? For now, I won't but I will think about it. OK, next step is to see how I will create waves in the aquarium (is it too small to make waves in?, how will I set up a turbine in it so that it doesn't move?) I need some plastic on a stick!​

January 09

A change in Tasks

the fog light assignment is actually just an experiment (in the book page 234). It looks real easy to do so I am putting the call out for cellophane to do it. It will work great with the experiment forms I already have.
thus, the only assignment for the Visible light unit is the eyeball. Also, I love the idea of cutting a cow eye, but it sounds like that was already done in grade 7 by PJ (though I will ask him about that). If he hasn't, then that would be perfect!
At this stage, I am going to move on to Float Your Boat project. Here's the write-up for that one:

Boat Creation

Goal: Students will design a boat given a set amount of material that maximizes buoyancy and safety.
Role: The students will assume the role of a boat/ship designer.
Audience: The audience is a rich teacher who has commissioned a safe and strong yacht to show off all the money he is earning.
Situation: The teacher has sent a package of information to a wide variety of boat/ship builders with the intent of creating a safe and strong yacht. Given the same amount of materials, (100 g of clay and three straws) the boat builders are to create a boat that at a minimum will float on water. Better designs will be capable of holding more materials, in the form of washers. The more washers the boat can hold while still floating, the better the design.
Product/Performance: The end product will be a boat design that will be tested against the other designs. The winning design will float and hold the most weight. In addition, each boat building team will submit a written report of the process of creating the boat and the considerations undertaken to create the boat. Both the boat’s ability to float and hold weight and the written report will be evaluated.

I am going to get clay and straws right now to play with this! Love it!​

January 09

The eyeball was easy and fun!

Well that was not a problem at all! I created a tube version of an eyeball in around 1 hour total time. I decided to record it with my laptop video camera and I will upload it on to my YouTube site so students can see it anytime they want to (I will just post a link on the Moodle site for them to see).
Materials I used were very minimal (the lens that I will give them, saran wrap, paper, masking tape, some construction paper, scissors, glue, and a paper tube (like the one that Christmas paper comes in).
the only thing I want to do with it to finish it off is put it into a round ball of some kind so that it looks like an eyeball. Other than that, it works great! I can move the lens a little off so that you can see how the change in the shape or length of the eyeball will affect vision.
Today, I was thinking of tackling the fog lights or one of the water ones. I will go see what supplies I have to tackle each one and go from there. as well, I will try to get a table up in room N101 and something that can have water in it (like a big fish tank). I will need that for the water unit.​

January 08

Lessons and Classroom Setup

So now that I have the core ideas, I think I should begin my part in the learning process and do the following:
1) Try out the experiments myself! : One of the worst things is to give a student an assignment that you yourself have not tried. I believe this: heck, I have lived this! So, that is my job for this week. I have already tried the building of the eye thing (or at least 50% of it) and I am confident that I could do that one without an issue. I will try to do them all in the next while and make sure that they are doable.
2) Set up the classroom. I have begun to put up posters that deal with what we will be covering in class, as well as putting up forms that students will use to do their own experiments. This comes from a website called "Smarter Science" and it was recommended to me by Dr. Carol Rees at TRU. She taught Science for many years at the High School level and said that this is a great resource (www.smarterscience.org). I have decided to implement their ideas a bit - it fits in with my vision for Science. In essence, it gets students to think through creating, trying, and recording experiments that they themselves design. I am not sure exactly how I am going to implement it yet (students have to do 1-2 in the year perhaps? Will I have a bank of some ideas? Will they have to present?), but I know I love the idea.
Fear: I am a bit fearful of how students will find the materials needed for the experiments. I think that I would love to have some of the materials at the school, but encourage students to use whatever they want from home.
The ones that worry me the most are the eye, fog lights (so the visible science part), the elevator (for Physical Science part) and the water one (I will need water, waves, and the students will need materials to make their models).
I guess I will tackle one at a time and see what happens. Today, the eyeball! As well, I should read and be familiar with the information in the textbook and the teacher manual about the knowledge I will need (yes, stay ahead of the students).
 
December 10
Assessment Evidence
Review:
So in my limited knowledge, this is what it seems like we do:
1) Create the Big Idea and Core Tasks to go along with it (Equivalence ["Students will understand that..." - these have lasting value, can be transferred to other classes, require "uncoverage" of knowledge] and being able to solve real-life problems that requires in-depth knowledge of the unit)
2) Create "Essential Questions" that will point students to the Big Idea. This is where my Christian worldview can come into play as well, I think.
OK, so here is the final list of what I think will work for each unit for Science 8. To help with the concept of the "Core Tasks", here is another way to define it: "The most important complex performances, in realistic contexts, in each field." So basically, this is a task that is complex enough that, without knowledge of the unit the student will not be able to complete correctly. It is a different way of assessing the knowledge of the student: if they can do this, they know the main concepts of the unit.
  1. Process of Science
    1. Big Idea: Students will understand that there are procedures that must be followed if they are to understand how something works
      Essential Question: How important is a plan in learning about something - can't we just explore and figure it out as we go?
      1. Task: students have been hired to find out what best works to get rid of ticks in pets. Students need to come up with a step by step process that takes into account what is needed, how to measure success and failure, and what issues will have to be addressed.
  2. Living Things
    1. Big Idea: Though life is a mystery in itself (created from God) we can learn about it since every living thing on Earth is similar in its makeup
    2. Essential Question: Is there a better way to make a person than how we are made now?
      1. Task: Create a New Animal! What would your animal look like and act like and why? It needs to incorporate everything that any living creature needs to survive on this world.
  3. Visible Light
    1. Big Ideas: Light is one small component of the larger light spectrum; each of the areas on the light spectrum has a purpose for us.
      Essential Question: How can we manipulate light to better our lives?
    2. Task:
      The students are being hired by the Optomotrist Association of Canada to create a model of an eye that works! They will use glass, paper to put the image on, etc. The model should be able to show how defects (changing the focal point etc..) will affect someone's vision.
      or
      Creating Fog lights (pg. 254 in textbook) - Your company makes automobile lights and supplies them to a major auto firm. You must design the best possible fog light using mirror placement, material used, and color to use.
  4. Physical Sciences
    1. Big Idea: Everything is matter in different forms; we can manipulate matter using force to do what we need it to do.
      Essential Question: How can I use the world around me to better my life?
      1. Task: Float your Boat (create a boat out of materials given - which one works best and why?) and Elevator (create an elevator or rock picker using Pneumatic or Hydraulic designs
  5. Water
    1. Big Idea: Water is important to life's survival
      Essential Question: If the Earth is mostly water, why did God make us to live on land?
    2. Task: Wrestling Energy from Waves (page 469 in textbook). Students are being asked to change wave energy into electricity. Students will work in groups to create a model that will actually work in a tank of water (electricity can actually be measured!).
Interestingly, at the end of each chapter in our Science textbooks are what they call "Research Investigations" that work for this (Water example is one). Ok, these are all good in my opinion. Anyone think otherwise?
OK, the first two stages of the planning process are done:
Stage one was the big ideas and essential questions are set out, stage two was the core assessment tasks, focusing on evidence of mastery of the bit ideas, and that mastery of key performances requires understanding of the big ideas.
On To Stage Three: The Learning Plan!
 
 
December 03

Step 2: Assessment Evidence

Well, here is where I need to come up with performance tasks that will show me that the students can apply what they have learned and demonstrate their understanding. I'll do this per unit so far.
  1. Process of Science
    1. Big Idea: Students will understand that there are procedures that must be followed if they are to understand how something works
      1. Task: students have been hired to find out what best works to get rid of ticks in pets. Students need to come up with a step by step process that takes into account what is needed, how to measure success and failure, and what issues will have to be addressed.
  2. Living Things
    1. Big Idea: Though life is a mystery in itself (created from God) we can learn about it since every living thing on Earth is similar in its makeup
      1. Task: Create a New Animal! What would your animal look like and act like and why? It needs to incorporate everything that any living creature needs to survive on this world.
  3. Visible Light
    1. Big Ideas: Light is one small component of the larger light spectrum; each of the areas on the light spectrum has a purpose for us.
      1. Task:
  4. Physical Sciences
    1. Big Idea: Everything is matter in different forms; we can manipulate matter using force to do what we need it to do.
      1. Task: Float your Boat (create a boat out of materials given - which one works best and why?) and Elevator (create an elevator or rock picker using Pneumatic or Hydraulic designs
  5. Water
    1. Big Idea: Water is important to life's survival
      1. Task:

As you can see, I don't have any for visible light or water as of yet. However, I like the other three so far. As well, I have found some online resources that I think I will use to help. Will tackle this later in the week. Once I am happy with these first evidence bits, I can continue to look closer into other forms of evidence that might fulfill my big ideas.​
December 03

Step 1: What the heck are the "Big Ideas" in Science 8?

OK, so snag #1 - our IRP objectives are not "big idea" oriented, but seem more content based. Thus, I have to look at the units themselves and come up with the "Big Ideas" for them. Here's what I have done:
1) I have taken the PLO's for each section and created big ideas for each of the five units.
I like these. They seem to make sense to me and seem to be big, transferrable, and are not content based.​
December 03

The beginnings

First, let me share a little about UBD (Understanding By Design). The concept behind UBD is to help teachers (like us) to create lesson plans that does not revolve around a specific resource, but that instead revolves around the objectives to be taught. This opens up the classroom teacher to use whatever resource they find and want to use, as long as it fulfills the objective to be taught.

Here is the WIKIpedia page on it: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Understanding_by_Design
In essence, you start "backwards" by looking only at the objectives and what we want students to know or be able to do. This part is easy because it is prescribed in our IRP's as the PLO's. The second part is simply looking at the PLO's only and deciding on the evidence that will fulfill that objective. This is the stage I am at right now. Only after that will I then begin to create assignments that lead to fulfilling the objectives.
The "bible" of this the book by Wiggins and McTighe called "Understanding by Design". I have a shorter PDF file of the highlights that was done by Wiggins as a workshop and I am using that to start with.
The course I am implementing this in is Science 8. The reason is that I am both curious to see if it will effect the class' engagement and learning into the concepts as well as what it will be like to do this as a teacher. So far, I am excited but I still have a long way to go.